Optimal. Leaf size=58 \[ \frac {1}{3} x \sqrt {1+x^4}+\frac {\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x^4}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}(x)|\frac {1}{2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^4}} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.01, antiderivative size = 58, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 2, number of rules used = 2, integrand size = 9, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.222, Rules used = {201, 226}
\begin {gather*} \frac {\left (x^2+1\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x^4+1}{\left (x^2+1\right )^2}} F\left (2 \text {ArcTan}(x)\left |\frac {1}{2}\right .\right )}{3 \sqrt {x^4+1}}+\frac {1}{3} \sqrt {x^4+1} x \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 201
Rule 226
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \sqrt {1+x^4} \, dx &=\frac {1}{3} x \sqrt {1+x^4}+\frac {2}{3} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1+x^4}} \, dx\\ &=\frac {1}{3} x \sqrt {1+x^4}+\frac {\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x^4}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}(x)|\frac {1}{2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^4}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 2.89, size = 48, normalized size = 0.83 \begin {gather*} \frac {x+x^5-2 \sqrt [4]{-1} \sqrt {1+x^4} F\left (\left .i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt [4]{-1} x\right )\right |-1\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^4}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 0.15, size = 72, normalized size = 1.24
method | result | size |
meijerg | \(x \hypergeom \left (\left [-\frac {1}{2}, \frac {1}{4}\right ], \left [\frac {5}{4}\right ], -x^{4}\right )\) | \(14\) |
default | \(\frac {x \sqrt {x^{4}+1}}{3}+\frac {2 \sqrt {-i x^{2}+1}\, \sqrt {i x^{2}+1}\, \EllipticF \left (x \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {2}}{2}\right ), i\right )}{3 \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {2}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {x^{4}+1}}\) | \(72\) |
risch | \(\frac {x \sqrt {x^{4}+1}}{3}+\frac {2 \sqrt {-i x^{2}+1}\, \sqrt {i x^{2}+1}\, \EllipticF \left (x \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {2}}{2}\right ), i\right )}{3 \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {2}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {x^{4}+1}}\) | \(72\) |
elliptic | \(\frac {x \sqrt {x^{4}+1}}{3}+\frac {2 \sqrt {-i x^{2}+1}\, \sqrt {i x^{2}+1}\, \EllipticF \left (x \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {2}}{2}\right ), i\right )}{3 \left (\frac {\sqrt {2}}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {2}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {x^{4}+1}}\) | \(72\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 0.08, size = 26, normalized size = 0.45 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {x^{4} + 1} x + \frac {2}{3} i \, \sqrt {i} F(\arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt {i}}{x}\right )\,|\,-1) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 0.30, size = 29, normalized size = 0.50 \begin {gather*} \frac {x \Gamma \left (\frac {1}{4}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {1}{2}, \frac {1}{4} \\ \frac {5}{4} \end {matrix}\middle | {x^{4} e^{i \pi }} \right )}}{4 \Gamma \left (\frac {5}{4}\right )} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 0.04, size = 12, normalized size = 0.21 \begin {gather*} x\,{{}}_2{\mathrm {F}}_1\left (-\frac {1}{2},\frac {1}{4};\ \frac {5}{4};\ -x^4\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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